This is useful when that server doesn't have a GUI to make downloading files easier. Netplan is the tool used on Ubuntu Server to test and apply network interface configurations. You can configure multiple interfaces and then test the configuration with the command:. If the test comes back OK, you can then apply the configuration which will also bring the interface up with the command:.
This is a front end for the nmcli command, which is considerably easier to use. To find out how to use nmtui, read " How to edit a CentOS network connection from the command line. With each of these tools, you can learn more by reading the man pages, as in man nmap.
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Delivered Tuesdays Sign up today. Editor's Picks. Linux kernel 5. Some essential aspects of environment setup include partitioning, encryption, BIOS setup, and storage configurations. Additionally, most companies will follow a strict set of guidelines for their corporate servers. These include things like network configurations, security firewalls, IDS configurations, and so on.
The below sections will discuss many of these in detail. User management is another major responsibility of a Linux sysadmin. IT systems usually have a number of users, each with different roles.
Thus, you need to ensure that users can use the system as intended. As a system admin, you will be in charge of creating new users, setting groups, file permissions, and other user-space attributes. You also need to ensure that users use strong and secure passwords. Make sure to set up password expiration as well as the PAM module and locks on failed logins. You should also incorporate effective access control strategies by configuring the appropriate setuid, setgid, and sticky bits.
Linux bundles its applications as packages. By default, most systems come with a select set of rudimentary tools. Package management takes a significant amount of effort, and thus professional sysadmins should try to automate the trivial processes for increasing their productivity. You should have a well understanding of Linux Cron jobs alongside standard package managers like apt, dpkg, yum, and packman.
Additionally, Linux system administrators will often need to install or update packages using repositories. So make sure you know how that works. The Linux shell provides a command-based interface to the underlying system.
It is one of the most important things to know if you want to pursue a career as a sysadmin. Linux supports a large number of shells, both legacy and contemporary ones. You should at least be proficient at one of them and have an understanding of some other. Shells interpret commands as well as shell scripts. As a system admin, you will be in charge of writing different types of scripts.
You should be able to write shell scripts for system maintenance tasks such as taking backups, monitoring logs, automation, and so on. We have prepared an earlier guide on Linux shell scripts for helping beginners to get better at it. The filesystem sits at the core of Linux systems.
It is essential for admins to have an in-depth understanding of the filesystem and its operations. Since Unix systems emphasize largely on the filesystem, most system operations are designed to reflect this. You need to learn about the filesystem hierarchy, different filesystem types, permissions, and many more. Luckily, there are a lot of good resources out there that teach the fundamentals of the Unix filesystem.
If you want to learn the different filesystem attributes and standard commands, check out our earlier guide on the Linux filesystem. The authors were directly involved in the UNIX project and provide design ideas and historical insights on the filesystem in their book.
Linux system administrators are required to have excellent networking abilities. In fact, many system admins spend most of their working hours on network configurations and management.
You will often be responsible for setting up new networks as well as managing existing ones. Admins should also be proficient in using standard Linux network tools like ifconfig, ip, netstat, etc. What tools you use will usually depend on the exact task. So, sysadmins should be flexible and ready to learn whatever tools are required. Moreover, having good networking abilities is not enough. You need to implement the best security practices and keep your IT infrastructure safe from intruders all the time.
Data storage is a broad topic and is extremely crucial. Learn the basics of partitioning and disk encryption. You should also be abler to set up reliable LVM schemes. You need back up corporate data conveniently and store them for future usage. Learn the various RAID configuration models and apply them based on enterprise requirements.
Moreover, admins should also be able to implement robust disk monitoring systems. Every major corporation these days use virtualization of one form or another.
So, a Linux system administrator should be fairly comfortable working with this technology. In simple terms, virtualization refers to the ability to run multiple operating system instances on a single physical machine. It not only reduces hardware costs but also makes scaling systems easier.
There are primarily two ways to implement virtualization. Comment and share: Everything a Linux admin needs to know about working from the command line.
Show Comments. Hide Comments. My Profile Log out. Join Discussion. Add your Comment. Editor's Picks. Linux kernel 5. Windows Do these 11 things immediately. Top 5 things to do about your tech before you die. If you need a user account management refresher, search Enable Sysadmin for posts on the topic. It's a good skill to know for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is to dispell assumptions that whatever problem is going on with a database server is infrastructure-related.
Stepping outside your typical SA duties to extend yourself is generally a good idea to further your own career and to increase your value to a company. Learning something new is always positive. Check out Enable Sysadmin's poll covering this topic. One of Enable Sysadmin's authors, Anthony Critelli, recently wrote the article Packet sniffer basics for network troubleshooting , in which he describes the use of tcpdump as an essential SA skill. But regardless of the packet capture tool you use tcpdump , Wireshark, etc.
Network traffic can alert you to multiple types of attacks in real-time and help you troubleshoot other network problems. As ancient and as "old school" as it is, the vi ViM editor is still the editor of choice for thousands of Linux SAs.
This editor is easy to use, it's installed by default, and every SA should know how to use it. If you're unfamiliar with vi , check out my introductory article on using vi. The vi editor is the gold standard text editor and has been for more than 40 years. There are a variety of applications and techniques that SAs can use to back up files and directories as well as restore them. Backup, restore, and other disaster recovery activities are essential SA skills.
You have to know how to back up and restore files for your users. If you or a member of your team perform backups, you need to audit the backups by periodically restoring a few files to check your backup and restore process. Every SA needs to know how to set up, maintain, and troubleshoot hardware systems.
You need to know how to deal with hardware failures that include disks, memory, NICs, ports, peripherals, and the rare CPU that goes belly up. Even if your infrastructure is entirely hosted or cloud-based, you should be familiar with the underlying hardware and its configurations, limitations, and vulnerabilities so that you can ensure that your hosting company or provider stays on top of security.
It's important to know a little something about your network's inner workings. Get familiar with your network's routers and firewalls.
You should examine your system configurations to decide if they're consistent with Linux system security practices, which means you should be running host-based firewalls.
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