These account for half of female homicide victims 18 or older. Such cases are often among the most violent homicides. The victims are more likely to be stabbed or asphyxiated than other homicide victims. Family Violence Death Review Committee data shows that 50 per cent of intimate partner violence homicides are overkill deaths — when a killer inflicts injuries far beyond what is required to kill.
Overkill predominantly occurs in cases in which the victim had separated or was planning to separate from the offender. There is a tendency for these homicides to be premeditated or planned rather than spontaneous or unintentional killings. For the other half of adult female victims not killed by a partner or ex-partner there are fewer common factors linking the deaths. Family violence is still a big contributor with 32 women 11 per cent dying at the hands of a family member. Meaning family violence is at play in 60 per cent of homicides in which the victim is female and 18 or older.
The next biggest relationship between victim and killer is "stranger", accounting for 16 per cent of the homicides. However, the cause of death in 31 per cent of these cases is a car crash. Once the car crashes are excluded, there are 33 separate instances of a woman being killed by a stranger in some form of homicidal attack over the year period we analysed.
A rate of two per year. Although they often get a lot of public attention, this type of homicide is a relatively rare occurrence in New Zealand. Sipaia was knocked unconscious by Jonathan Ioata after a fight broke out between two groups of friends in Lower Hutt in August, He punched Sipaia in the side of the head, he fell, the hard ground broke his fall and he never woke up again, dying in Wellington Hospital the following day.
Like so many other similar deaths in New Zealand, Iota never intended to kill Sipaia, only to hurt him. The most common relationship between the men who are victims of homicide and their killers, is not really a relationship at all. More than one in four 28 per cent did not know their killer, compared with 16 per cent among women.
Gunshot is the most common cause of death in these homicides — a man dying at the hands of someone they do not know — accounting for 74 42 per cent of the victims in these circumstances.
This number is inflated somewhat by the 45 adult men killed in the Christchurch terror attack. Isolating the remaining cases of male on stranger violence in our database, we see that blunt force trauma accounts for 38 per cent of victims, 24 per cent were shot and 18 per cent cent were stabbed. In all, there have been victims under the age of 15 between and , one-eighth of all homicides between January and March 31, Overwhelmingly, the killers of these children are the very people who should be looking after them.
While Faces of Innocents focussed on victims aged 14 and under, The Homicide Report also analysed the deaths of 15 to year-old victims. There were 58 homicides of young people in this age bracket, accounting for about six per cent of the victims. Cheyenne Smith-Grey , a year-old car crash victim, is among those killed. Described as a "charismatic" teenager with a big future in front of her, Smith-Grey was thrown from a car and killed on the outskirts of Hamilton in The driver, Cyrus Ormsby, was affected by alcohol and was speeding.
He was convicted of manslaughter. Car crashes like these are the single biggest cause of homicides for 15 to year-olds in New Zealand, accounting for 38 per cent. For car crash victims to be included in The Homicide Report database, someone has to be charged or convicted of manslaughter or murder. Homicides are overwhelmingly committed by men, in particular young men, who account for the greatest proportion of fatal violent crime in the country.
The younger the age group, the higher the prevalence of offenders. In fact 18 is the most common age to kill. Between and there were 37 year-old men who committed homicide. Alcohol is a factor in at least 40 per cent of homicides in which the killer is aged 30 or younger. Poverty and deprivation appear to be the driving force behind this statistic. It also looks at the characteristics of the perpetrators of intimate partner killings, the link between lethal and non-lethal violence against women, and the criminal justice response.
Violence against children is a multidimensional phenomenon that is often underreported; it can take many forms and is influenced by a wide range of factors, such as the personal characteristics of the victim and perpetrator and their cultural and physical environments. Such violence remains hidden in many instances because children are often afraid to report acts of aggression, and also because reporting mechanisms tend to be inaccessible or even non-existent.
Children may also keep silent about the violence they suffer when it is perpetrated by parents and other family members, or by another figure of authority such as an employer, community leader or police officer.
Lethal violence against children can occur in a continuum of violence, representing the culmination of various forms of violence that children may be subjected to in different settings. One of the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions is to "end abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children".
United Nations. Office on Drugs and Crime. Site Search. Global study on homicide. Homicide in Numbers. Firearms were involved in more than half of all homicides worldwide in Read more. Homicide by region. Homicide rate victims of intentional homicide per , population , by region, Read more. Homicide by typology. The vast majority of women and girls are killed by intimate partners or other family members Read more..
Number of journalists killed, by region, — Read more.. Booklet 1: Executive summary This booklet summarizes the content of the five subsequent substantive booklets by reviewing their key findings and highlighting a set of policy implications derived from the analyses presented in them. These estimates have been combined, from onwards, with homicide rates from the Global Burden of Disease study. In the s, homicide rates in Western Europe ranged from 23 to 56 homicides per , individuals, comparable to the current rates in Latin America.
Homicide rates then fell dramatically in all five regions from the s to s. Homicide rates in Europe today are much lower than in the past.
England, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy reached their lowest levels in the s; while the Netherlands, Belgium, and Scandinavia reached their minimums in the mid to late s. Related chart — long-term trends in homicides across the world. This chart presents longer-term data on homicide rates across countries. The visualization here shows the annual number of deaths from homicide, differentiated by age bracket. Most victims globally are younger than 50 years old. The map here shows homicide rates for children years old, country by country.
As can be seen, there are huge regional differences. In , the homicide rate in Latin America and the Caribbean was almost five times higher than the global average. In the best cases the data on homicides rely on vital statistics or criminal justice sources. This is often the case for more affluent countries.
But for some countries and some periods such data is unfortunately lacking or incomplete and in these cases the data providers rely on statistical modeling to produce estimates. These estimates of the homicide rates for a particular country or for particular age groups are produced by relying on available relevant measures — for example the observed homicide data from similar countries or available data for a particular region within the country — and a statistical model.
To understand the serious limitations of the data for some countries it is advisable to refer to the publication by Kanis et al. The table — taken from Kanis et al. It is possible to move the time slider and see how the discrepancy of estimates changed over time. There are two very different sources for historical data on homicide rates depending on the era discussed. For the last few decades, statistical offices have recorded homicide rates as part of the vital statistics.
For earlier historical periods, researchers have reconstructed the long-term changes in homicide rates from historical records that often originated from some form of legal documentation of the crimes. Although there are gaps in the reconstructed data, and there are uncertainties in both the number of homicides and the size of the population, the historical record is more complete than one might assume.
One reason for this is the great social importance of these crimes. Violent killings were of concern for a long time, and they were therefore often reliably registered. In some cases, or for prehistoric times, it is additionally possible to use the insights from forensic archaeologists, who can determine the causes of death from skeletal remains.
In addition to homicide rates for many countries this database also includes qualitative information — among much more information also on the place and the cause of death and on the victim and the perpetrator.
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